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Stamp Hungary Sc# 3 Cut Square Rare Town "TEMESVAR" SON Handstamp 1872
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sellinghisstamps (459)
Stamp Hungary/Romania Sc# 3 Cut Square Rare Town "TEMESVAR" SON Handstamp 1872 Used Cut Square from a tiny Jewish 1872 town in Hungary/Romania with "Socked on the Nose" 1872 Handstamp Until World War II the village was home to a Jewish community, which ... Read More
Item Specifics
- Country
- Hungary
- Catalog Number
- 3
- Stamp Type
- General Issue
- Stamp Format
- Single
- Year of Issue
- 1871
Item Description
Stamp Hungary/Romania Sc# 3 Cut Square Rare Town "TEMESVAR" SON Handstamp 1872Used Cut Square from a tiny Jewish 1872 town in Hungary/Romania with "Socked on the Nose" 1872 Handstamp
Until World War II the village was home to a Jewish community, which numbered 479 in 1872
Temesvar:
Table of Contents
* Residence Limited.
Hungarian city. The oldest gravestone in the Jewish cemetery is
dated 1636, and was erected in memory of Azriel Assach of Salonica.
Between 1552 and 1716 large numbers of spanish Jews settled in Temesvar,
where the Turkish government received them with favor; but after the
capture of the city in 1716 by Prince Eugene their treatment became less
favorable, for Temesvar and its district were annexed to Hungary and
administered as an Austrian province. In 1718 the provincial government
ordered the expulsion of the Jews from the city on the charge of being
Turkish spies. The order was not strictly enforced, however, on account
of the influence of Moses Lopez Pereira Diego d' Aguilar,
the founder of the Sephardic community; Maria Theresa even permitted
five other spanish Jewish families to settle in the city. D'Aguilar
presented to the Sephardic community mantles of the Law and silver
crowns for the scrolls of the Torah. At that time the spanish Jews had a
society for the promotion of the study of the Bible, while another
association received official recognition from the Count of Wallis, the
commander-in-chief of the citadel.Residence Limited.
As in Bohemia and Moravia, the Jews of Temesvar were oppressed by the
restrictions formulated by Maria Theresa in 1776. Only forty-nine were
permitted to reside in the city. They were restricted to a single
community, headed by a dayyan and a rabbi; nor might they contract
marriages or leave the city without the permission of the authorities.
Only eight were allowed to engage in commerce; and the distinction
between Ashkenazim and Sephardim was abolished, the whole Jewry being
comprised under the term "protected Jews of the cities and counties of
the Banat." Jews from other places were forbidden to enter the city
except for commercial purposes, when they were required to pay a daily
tax of five groschen for protection, and were obliged to leave the city
at night. Jews were forbidden either to have Christian servants or to
live in the houses of Christians, and were compelled to reside in a
ghetto in the citadel, their quarter being bounded by the streets now
called Varoshaz, Szerb, Erzsibet, and Jenö. Marriages might be performed
only by the rabbi of Temesvar, and all Jews who died in the province
were to be buried in the cemetery of the city. It was not until the
reign of Joseph II. (1780-90) that the condition of the Jews of Temesvar
began to improve.
The community's most important society, next to
the charitable organization, is the Jewish Women's Club of the citadel,
one of the oldest societies of Hungary, founded by Sarolta Fischel in
1846. This is the famous Jewish society which gave Louis Kossuth 800
crowns for patriotic purposes on the outbreak of the Hungarian
revolution. During the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina this society
rendered valuable aid by sending food to the wounded; and at the time
of the flood at Szegedin, in 1879, it materially assisted the poor,
especially by maintaining a soup-kitchen. The community supports two
other women's clubs, founded in 1847 and 1869 respectively, as well as
the Talmud Torah (a charitable organization), the Maskil el Dal, and a
ḥebra ḳaddisha, the last-named established in 1748, although its
hospital in the citadel has since been demolished.
Temesvar has
Had the Following Rabbis: Jacob Moses of Belgrade (Sephardi; 1739);
Eliezer Lipmann, author of the commentary "Migdal Dawid" (1748);
Jonathan Trebitsch, chief rabbi of Transylvania (1752); Johanan b.
Isaiah (1775); Ẓebi Hirschb. Israel (Hershele Ḥarif; 1782); and David b.
Ẓebi Oppenheim (1801), and his son David Hirsch Oppenheim, author of
"'Ene ha-Da'at" (Budapest, 1829). The rabbinate of Temesvar has always
included the entire district composed of Lugos, Versecz, Karansebes,
Pancsova, and Nagy Becskerek. In 1863 Moritz Hirschfeld was elected
rabbi, and was succeeded by Moritz Löwy. Since 1860, however, internal
dissensions have divided the community into factions, with the Reform
rabbi, Moritz Löwy, at the head of the one in the city, and the Orthodox
rabbi, Jakob Singer, leading that in the citadel.
The latter
contains a synagogue in the Renaissance Gothic style, designed by
Leopold Baumhorn; the city possesses a synagogue in the Moorish style,
built in 1865. There is a small Sephardic synagogue in the citadel, but
the spanish Jews in Temesvar are now very few, and their old place of
worship, the Judenhof, founded in 1760, has been demolished to make room
for the new Reform synagogue.Synagogue at Temesvar, Hungary.(From a photograph.)
The
earliest Jewish census at Temesvar was taken in 1739, when there were
139 Ashkenazim and 81 Sephardim (46 families altogether). In 1755 there
were 23 Jewish families in the city; 53 in 1772; 76 in 1776; and 72 in
1781. In 1840 the Jewish population of the city was about 1,200, of whom
750 lived in the citadel, 340 in the city, and about 50 in the suburbs.
In 1858 the number was 2,202; in 1890,4,870; and in 1901, 5,788
(including Jewish soldiers, 5,916). The total population of Temesvar is
53,033.
Bibliography:
* M. Löwy, Skizzen zur Geschichte der Juden in Temesvάr;
* Jakob Singer, Adata a Bάnati Zsίdόk Törten, Budapest, 1905.
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NOTE: The detail scans are made part of the description and condition of the Stamp
Condition is Fine to Very Fine
This Stamp is an ORIGINAL and NOT a copy, reproduction, or reprint.
If buyer seeks certification for a stamp and stamp turns out to be unauthentic or not as described, a full refund will be offered plus the cost of the certification.
Buyer has to notify Seller prior to submitting the item for a Certificate. Return time will be extended to 90 days from the date of the sale.
Seller Information
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- sellinghisstamps (459)
- Registered Since
- 11/30/2016
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- Item Location
- California, United States
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